Plane Crash Essays - Boeing 747, Boeing 747-8, Fatigue, Stall

Plane Crash Essays - Boeing 747, Boeing 747-8, Fatigue, Stall Plane Crash Educator: Greg Alston Abstract This paper analyzes the in-flight detachment of the number two arch and motor from a Boeing 747-121 soon after departure from the Anchorage Global Airport on March 31, 1993. The security issues examined center around the assessment of Boeing 747 motor arches, meteorological risks to airplane, the horizontal burden conveying capacity of motor arch structures, and airplane flight courses at Anchorage International Air terminal during violent climate conditions. Not long after early afternoon on March 31, 1993 the number two motor and arch isolated from Japan Airlines Inc. flight 46E not long after takeoff from the Anchorage International Airport. The airplane, a Boeing 747-121, had been rented from Evergreen Worldwide Airlines Inc. The flight was a planned load departure from Anchorage to Chicago-O'Hare International Air terminal. On board the plane was the flight team and two nonrevenue organization representatives. The plane was substantialy harmed during the division of the motor yet nobody on board the plane or on the ground was harmed. Flight 46E left Anchorage about 1224 nearby time. The flight discharge and climate bundle gave to the pilots by Evergreen activities contained a figure for serious choppiness. As battle 46E maneuvered onto the runway to anticipate its departure freedom, the neighborhood controller educated the flight group that the pilot of another Evergreen airplane announced serious choppiness at 2,500 feet while moving out from runway 6R. After departure, at an elevation of around 2,000 feet, the plane encountered an uncommanded left bank of around fifty degrees. In spite of the fact that the wanted velocity was 183 bunches, the velocity varied from a high of 245 bunches to a low of 170 bunches. In no time from that point the flight team detailed the number two choke pummeled to its rearward stop, the number two push turn around sign indicated push reverser sending, and the number two motor electrical transport fizzled. A few observers on the ground detailed that the plane experienced a few serious pitch and move motions before the motor isolated. Soon after the motor isolated from the plane, the flight group announced a crisis, and the chief started a enormous sweep go to one side to return and land on runway 6R. The main motor was kept up at most extreme power. While on the downwind bit of the arrival design bank points immediately surpassed forty degrees exchanging with wings level. Around twenty minutes after departure flight 46E prompted the pinnacle they were on the runway. The airplane was considerably harmed because of the detachment of the number two motor. Assessed fix costs surpassed twelve million dollars. In expansion, a few private residences, vehicles, and arranging were harmed by the effect of the number two motor and different pieces of the motor arch and the wing driving edge gadgets. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) decided the reasonable justification of this mishap was the sidelong detachment of the number two motor arch because of an experience with serious or conceivably extraordinary choppiness. This brought about powerful sidelong loadings originating from numerous headings that surpassed the sidelong burden conveying capacity of the arch. It was later found that the heap conveying capacity of the arch was at that point decreased by the nearness of the exhaustion break close the forward finish of the arch's forward firewall web. Subsequently examination the NTSB made seven proposals to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), counting the review of Boeing 747 motor arches, the expected meteorological risks to airplane, an expansion in the horizontal burden ability of motor arch structures, and the adjustment of the airplane flight courses at Safe haven International Airport during times of moderate or serious choppiness. The NTSB likewise suggested that the National Weather Service (NWS) utilize the WSR-88D Doppler climate radar framework to record mountain-created wind fields in the Anchorage territory and to create definite low elevation disturbance estimates. Over the span of the examination the NTSB investigated for all intents and purposes each contributing component adding to the airplane mishap. These included climate, mechanical disappointment, plan insufficiencies, and human elements. The flight group was appropriately prepared and qualified for this battle. None of the team individuals' Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) records contained any history of mishaps, occurrences, or infringement. The flight team and the mechanics who had chipped away at the plane before the flight elected to be tried for the nearness of liquor and both legal and illicit medications. All of the test outcomes were negative. The examination uncovered that the flight group was healthy. The plane, enrollment N473EV, was a Boeing model

Synthesis of Cyclohexene from Cyclohexanol

Combination of Cyclohexene from Cyclohexanol Test #1: Synthesis of Cyclohexene from Cyclohexanol Johanna Bernadette C. Halili Mr. John Ephraim Torres June 21, 2014 Theoretical The combination of cyclohexene from cyclohexanol is a case of end response. Cyclohexanol, an optional unsaturated liquor, experiences drying out response to shape a decent leaving bunch which is H20 in light of the fact that the OH gathering of a liquor is an extremely solid base creation it a poor leaving gathering. The response will at that point be trailed by the block of a hydrogen molecule to frame a carbon twofold bond or an alkene which for this situation is cyclohexene. Cyclohexene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon which is responsive because of its negative community (Ault, 1973; Williamson, 2013; Eagleson, 1994). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is an instrument which is utilized to isolate vaporous substances and it works as an analyzer for the compound. This instrument might have the option to give the sub-atomic weight, equation and structure of an obscure compound. Amalgamation was done through straightforward refining since refining gives a moderately unadulterated yie ld (Karesek-Clement, 1988). Phosphoric corrosive was added to cyclohexanol in a round bottomed carafe to have the drying out response which would respect the cyclohexene. It was then refined and the gathering had the option to get 3 ml of yield. The distillate was watched utilizing the mass spectrometer and it demonstrated that the yield had a 81.98 atomic weight which is near the hypothetical sub-atomic load of cyclohexene which is 82. Pieces were likewise seen with the outcome got and some can be considered as pollutions. The item was certified to be cyclohexene based from the outcomes got from the mass spectra. We can say that the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is an extraordinary device in breaking down either an obscure or for near reasons of a compound since it gives exact outcomes. Likewise, it is prescribed to break down without a moment's delay the item for it not to vanish. Presentation Alcohols experience disposal response within the sight of a solid corrosive to shape an alkene. Solid acids, for example, Sulfuric corrosive (H2SO4) and Phosphoric corrosive (H3PO4) are utilized in the lack of hydration response of alcohols. The corrosive needs to protonate the â€OH bunch in light of the fact that - OH is a solid base making it a poor leaving gathering. When the â€OH has been protonated to H20, it can leave and the nucleophile will discourage a beta hydrogen to frame a carbon twofold bond or an alkene (Williamson, 2013). A case of this response was seen in this test with the union of cyclohexanol to cyclohexene by means of refining and extraction. Cyclohexanol is an auxiliary soaked liquor with breaking point of 100.16 celcius which experiences disposal response to frame cyclohexene item concerning their connection with the segment (fixed stage) and the gas/helium (portable stage). A mass range might have the option to give the accompanying data: sub-atomic weight, sub-atomic recipe and sub-atomic structure of the substance (Ault, 1973).. The goals of this investigation are to disengage cyclohexene from cyclohexanol through corrosive catalyzed end of water and to have the option to decide the character of the distillate item through Gas Chromatography. II. Strategy In this trial, Cyclohexanol was integrated to cyclohexene by means of refining and extraction. In a 50 ml round bottomed jar, 5.0 grams of cyclohexanol, 1 ml of 85% phosphoric corrosive and bubbling chips were included. After the cup was whirled to blend the substance, it was appended to a fractionating segment which was fitted with a refining connector, thermometer and a basic condenser. The jar was warmed utilizing an oil shower with bubbling chips for 5 minutes. The refining procedure was done until the buildup decreased to 1 to 15 ml. The gathering had the option to gather just 3 ml of distillate. The recipient was put in an ice shower for the buildup not to vanish. The distillate in the collector was then moved to a separatory channel. Moreover, 5 ml of water was included and was stoppered and blended through shaking. The lower watery layer was disposed of while the upper natural layer was tapped to an Erlenmeyer cup. Enough measure of Anhydrous sodium sulfate were put in the Er lenmeyer cup to ingest water buildups as it was twirled once in a while for 10 minutes. The substance of the Erlenmeyer jar was then moved to a test tube and the following refining process was not done since the yield of the refined item was excessively not many. The item was then broke down utilizing a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry mechanical assembly in the instrument room. III.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS For this test, the yield was examined utilizing the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry contraption. The chart shows the connection between the relative plenitude (y-pivot) to M/Z proportion (x-hub). The aftereffect of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the item can be found in fig 1 at the last page, the parent particle or the atomic particle meant by M+ has an estimation of Refining helps in getting cleaner substances. Additionally, a propelled instrument, for example, the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry contraption gives an exact outcome or sub-atomic load of the item and different parts. There can in any case be further alterations for better outcomes. To begin with, the instruments to be utilized ought to consistently be dried appropriately to ensure that there will be no debasements, for example, water. Second, another round of refining ought to likewise be done to have cleaner item to abstain from seeing polluting influences. In conclusion, it is significantly prescribed for the respect be dissected immediately since it was seen that for a few, the distillate dissipated. V.REFERENCES Bernard, M., Chandler, Z. The-Mach. Disposal responses; cyclohexene from cyclohexanol. http://the-mach.wikispaces.com/Elimination+reaction%3B+cyclohexene+from+cyclohexanol (got to June 12, 2014) Khan Academy. E1 disposal: Carbocation adjustments. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/natural science/replacement disposal responses/e1-e2-instructional exercise/v/e1-eliminationcarbocation-improvements (got to June 12, 2014) Ault, A. Strategies and Experiments for Organic Chemistry, sixth ed.; Waveland Press Incorporated: Illinois, 1973. Eagleson, M. Compact Encyclopedia Chemistry; Walter De Gruyter Inc: Berlin, 1994. Experts, K., Williamson, K. Macroscale and Microscale Oorganic Experiments, sixth ed.; Cengage Learning: Stamford, USA, 2010 Forgiving, R.E., Karasek, F.W. Fundamental Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Principles and Techniques; Elsevier, 1988. College of Bristol. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). http://www.bris.ac.uk/nerclsmsf/strategies/gcms.html (got to June 20, 2014) Baklajian, Alex (May 2012). Prologue to mass spectrometry. what's more, water which co-distil (Eagleson, 1994). The distillate item is cyclohexene which is unsaturated and has the breaking point of 83 celcius. Combination was done by means of refining since it helps in getting cleaner substances (Bernard-Chandler, n,d). Gas chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy is a physical strategy for isolating a compound which are unpredictable and thermally steady. This instrument can isolate, distinguish and evaluate mixes. The two stages that includes the procedure are the fixed stage which is the segment and the versatile stage which is the bearer gas like helium (Karesek-Clement, 1988). The disintegrated test will be assaulted by light emission which is known as the ionization procedure in which the decidedly charged ionic sections are delivered. This procedure includes the evacuation of electrons since the light emission knock off one electron from a particle which frames the parent particle or sub-atomic particle. Discontinuity occurs with the result of ionization to give littler charged and nonpartisan pieces. An attractive field would compel the round progression of the particles and the partition will happen since they will follow diverse way of span 81.98 which gives us the relative recipe mass of the atom (University of Bristol, n.d; Ault, 1973). Likewise, it tends to be seen that there is a nearness of an isotope since there is a pinnacle that is close in esteem with the M+ to one side. This is on the grounds that carbon has an isotope which is 13C. The regular bounty of Carbon 12 is a lot higher than the normal plenitude of Carbon 13 however since the mass spectrometer gives extremely exact outcomes, it might have the option to distinguish the isotope. The parent particle M+ has the most noteworthy mass among the pinnacles. Any pinnacles lower than the M+ are simply considered as piece readings in the range while the isotope, signified by M+1, is the pinnacle which is to one side of the parent particle which is lower in power (chem.ucla.edu, n.d; Baklajian, 2012). Different pinnacles can be considered as just pieces. These sections are because of the separating of the temperamental positive particles (chemguide.co.uk, n.d; Ault, 1973). Then again, the base pinnacle is the one with the 56 sub-atomic weight showed by its 100 perusing in bounty. The base pinnacle consistently has the most noteworthy plenitude among all the pinnacles (Ka resek-Clement, 1988). The top with the 100.013812 perusing can be considered as a pollution. Regardless of whether it has the most noteworthy mass perusing, it was not considered as the atomic particle top since the compound being discussed here is cyclohexene. To summarize everything, the gathering had the option to gather cyclohexene by means of refining of cyclohexanol. The got outcomes from the mass range demonstrated the nearness of a polluting influence and furthermore an isotope top. The yield’s atomic weight (81.98) was without a doubt near the hypothetical sub-atomic weight which is 82. IV.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION It was seen that in this trial on amalgamation of cyclohexene from cyclohexanol, the gathering had the option to deliver cyclohexene as can be found in the mass spectra which demonstrates that the item got by the gathering had a 81.9265 sub-atomic weight which is moderately near the hypothetical sub-atomic weig

Kick Start the Semester COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Kick Start the Semester COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog There is something going on all the time at SIPA, this week is no different (classes begin today). THURSDAY, JANUARY 23, 2014 The Sustainability Essentials Training Program (SET) Online Information Session (DETAILS) 12:30 pm to 1:15 pm Online Sponsor: The Earth Institute THURSDAY, JANUARY 23, 2014 The Relationship Between the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the African Union: What Went Wrong? A panel discussion with Ambassador Charles Ntwaagae, Permanent Representative of Botswana; Ambassador Macharia Kamau, Permanent Representative of Kenya; and Ambassador Christian Wenaweser, Permanent Representative of Liechtenstein, former President of the Assembly of State Parties to the Rome Statute of the ICC.  (DETAILS) 6:00 pm to 8:00 pm in the International Affairs Building, Room 1501 Sponsor: UN Studies Program MONDAY, JANUARY 27, 2014 Establishing Effective Labor Oversight in Honduras Holly Hammonds, Co-Founder of GlobalWorks Foundation and Member of Honduras Labor Framework Oversight Committee, and Jeff Hermanson, Director of Global Strategies, Workers United and Member of Honduras Labor Framework Oversight Committee, will discuss their labor standards project in Honduras.  (DETAILS) 12:45 pm to 1:50 pm in the International Affairs Building, Room 802 Sponsor: Economic and Political Development Concentration MONDAY, JANUARY 27, 2014 Reception for SIPA Dean Janow in London SIPA Dean Merit E. Janow cordially invites you to a reception for SIPA alumni and other invited guests in London. Join us to welcome the new dean and hear what the future holds for SIPA.  (DETAILS) 6:00 pm to 8:00 pm at the Waldorf Hilton, Aldwych WC2B 4DD, United Kingdom Sponsor: Office of Alumni Affairs TUESDAY, JANUARY 28, 2014 CGEG: Challenges to Democracy and Rule of Law in Central Europe A Lecture by Gordon Bajnai, Former Prime Minister of Hungary Lecture by Gordon Bajnai, Former Prime Minister of Hungary and Leader of Together 2014 Electoral Alliance; with Victoria de Grazia, Blinken European Institute, Columbia University; Jan Svejnar, Center on Global Economic Governance, Columbia University; and Alan H. Timberlake, East Central European Center, Columbia University. Registration required.    (DETAILS) 3:30 pm to 5:30 pm in the International Affairs Building, Room 1512 Sponsor: Center on Global Economic Governance TUESDAY, JANUARY 28, 2014 Women, Soft Power, and the New Diplomacy: From the Cold War to Hillary Clinton As political leaders increasingly rely on dialogue and normative power versus sanctions and warfare in inter-state relations, women have risen to the forefront of international affairs. A panel of diplomats, military officers, and historians will investigate the accelerating use of soft-power solutions in diplomacy and female leaders’ role in the trend.  (DETAILS) 6:00 pm to 8:00 pm in the International Affairs Building, Room 1501 Sponsor: European Institute WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 29, 2014 BP Global Energy Outlook 2035 A presentation by Mark Finley, General Manager, Global Energy Markets and U.S. Economics, BP. (DETAILS) 6:00 pm to 7:30 pm at Faculty House, 4th Floor Skyline Room Sponsor: Center on Global Energy Policy THURSDAY, JANUARY 30, 2014 Nuclear Weapons Effects, Proliferation and Policy An event with Col. Robert Spalding, United States Air Force, on the Air Forces nuclear enterprise to include ICBMs and Bombers, as well as briefly discussing submarines.  (DETAILS) 12:15 pm to 2:00 pm in the International Affairs Building, Room 1302 Sponsor: Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies THURSDAY, JANUARY 30, 2014 Turkey and the EU: The Future of a Complicated Relationship Meltem Müftüler-Baç is Professor of International Relations and Jean Monnet chair at Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey and an Affiliate Professor at the University of Stockholm from 2013 to 2016. (DETAILS) 4:00 pm to 6:00 pm in the International Affairs Building, Room 1512 Sponsor: European Institute THURSDAY, JANUARY 30, 2014 Nuclear After Fukushima: Policies, Practices, and Problems A public lecture by Lady Barbara Judge CBE, Former Chairman of the UK Atomic Energy Authority and currently Deputy Chairman of TEPCOs Nuclear Reform Monitoring Committee and head of its task force on nuclear safety.  (DETAILS) 5:30 pm to 6:45 pm at Faculty House, 4th Floor Skyline Room Sponsor: Center on Global Energy Policy THURSDAY, JANUARY 30, 2014 Russian Law and Judicial Reform: Think Again Kimberly Marten will chair a panel discussion with Timothy Frye, Kathryn Hendley, William Partlett, and Maria Popova on Russian law and judicial reform.  (DETAILS) 6:00 pm to 7:00 pm in the International Affairs Building, Room 1501 Sponsor: Harriman Institute